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130
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There are five important Shiva temples in which the lingas represent the five elements. A song has been
composed in praise of each. Name at least one or more off the temple towns
where these temples are located and the collective groups of kritis and who composed them.
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Panchalinga Kritis: Literally means five
compositions, each in praise of one Shiva Lingam. In Hindu mythology, Shiva
Lingams are used to represent the five forces of nature Earth, Water, Fire,
Air, and Atmosphere. The great composer, Muthuswamy
Dikshitar composed these songs in praise of each
lingam that represents one of these forces . The
lingams are worshipped as Earth in Kancheepuram;
Water in Thiruvanaikkaval; Fire in Thiruvannamalai; Air in Kalahasti,
and Atmosphere in Chidambaram.
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147
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As you know there are seven basic swaras.
These swaras are further divided by micro tones or
intervals. How many total swaras do they now
make including the intervals?
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Twenty Two
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116
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Which composer has also composed many songs for the
Tamil cinema field?
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Papanasam Sivan
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118
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Name a great composer who was an editor of a Tamil
magazine, Swadesamitran?
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Subramania Bharathi
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97
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What is the primary content of Sangeeta Sampradaya Pradarsini?
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A great theory and reference manual
on Carnatic Music.
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119
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Name a great composer who wrote many compositions to
raise the national spirit among the Indians and to fight the British regime?
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Subramania Bharathi
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120
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Thyagaraja Swami was one of the great trinities who wrote many of
his composition highlighting the ills of the society and offered messages to
improve oneself. Name a great modern day composer who followed a similar
objective and wrote compositions on women's rights, freedom from caste and
religious biases.
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Sri Subramania
Bharathi
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121
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What is the principle deity on whom Papanasam
Sivan wrote many of his compositions?
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Sri Kapaleeswarar
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122
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Which poet was arrested and put in prison for some of
his songs and writings?
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Subramania Bharathi
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123
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What is a simple definition of bhajans?
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Devotional music set for group
singing.
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124
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Who wrote the Natyasastra?
What is the content of this book?
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Bharatha. The Natyasastra describes the
instruments that should accompany a dance and in particular, explains the
technique of playing Veena, the ancient string
instrument.
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125
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Which instrument is called a mangala
vadyam or a sacred musical instrument?
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The Nadaswaram
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113
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Name a post-triniti composer
who has composed songs using each of the 35 thalas
from the Sulapdi Saptha thala scheme?
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Mysore Vasudevachar
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127
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Name the ragas, in the right order, used in the Pancharathna kritis?
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Nattai, Gowlai, Arabhi,
Varalai and Sri
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128
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What are utsava sampradaya kritis?
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A group of songs that describe the
pooja ritual, marriage ceremony of God (Utsava Sampradaya Kritis of Saint
Thygagaraja).
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129
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Forms of Raga also developed in Tamil literature
independent of its development among the carnatic
musicians? What is the Tamil equivalent of the word Raga?
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PaNN
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141
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What is a Vivadi swara?
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If between two swara,
there is only one sruti (conflicting), they are
called Vivadi Swaras.
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131
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Name the four vedas?
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RgVeda, Sama Veda, Atharvana
Veda, and Yajur veda.
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136
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Name two Lalgudi pancharathnams along with the ragas in which they were
composed.
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Isa Pahimam (Kalyani),
Deva Sthree tapa Thirtha (Madhyamavathi), Lalithe sri pravriddhe (Bhairavi), Mahitha Pravriddha (Kambodi), Gati nee vani (Thodi)
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132
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What are some of Sama Veda's
contribution to Indian music system?
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Sama literally means to be level or in unison. It also means
a song. Sama Veda is credited with contributing the
following to the Indian music:
· Music scale
· Principles of aesthetics such as melody, creativity, etc.
· Principles of thala or rhythms and timing
· Notations or writing the music.
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144
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Define Marga Sangeetham
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Sacred music that pleases
the Gods.
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135
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Name at least three stahals
or temple towns in which Thyagaraja Swami composed
songs in praise of the local deity.
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Srirangam, Lalgudi, and Thirupathi
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138
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List two Kovur Pancharathnams along with the names of the ragas in which
they were composed.
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Sundareswaruni (Sankarabharanam), Eva Sudha (Sahana), Kori Sevimpa rAre (Karharapriya), Nammi Vachina (Kalyani), Sambho Mahadeva (Panthuvarali).
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139
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What is a Vadi Swara?
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An important or a predominant note
in a raga. This note will repeated several times and
emphasized during the rendering of a raga.
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170
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What was the movement against the influence of Buddhism
that also had a profound influence in Indian music development?
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The Bhakthi
movement started by the Saivites and the Vaishnavites.
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146
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Can you name the book that was called the fifth Veda
and that was written by Saint Bharatha
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Bhartha Natya Sastra
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140
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What is a Samvadi swara?
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If two notes are related to each other
as Sa or Shadjam and Pa or Panchamam,
they are called samvadi swaras;
consonance of the fifth or the fourth note. For example, Shadja
and Suddha Madhyama, Suddha Rishabha and Suddha Dhaivata, Suddha Gandhara and Suddha Nishadha, Sadaharana Gandhara and Kaisiki Nishada, Antara Gandhara and Kakali Nishada, Suddha Rishaba and Prati Madhyama are samvadi swaras (Prof. Sambamurthy).
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137
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Name one kriti that Sri Thygaraja Swami composed in the temple town of Thirupathi in praise of the Lord of Thirupathi.
Also mention the name of the raga in which the song was composed.
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Sri Venkateswara.,
Thera dheeaga radha (Gowli Bantu)
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143
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During the Vedic period, Indian music was divided into
two groups. Name the two groups.
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Marga Sangeetham and Desi Sangeetham
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145
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Define Desi Sangeetham
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Music intended for the
ordinary humans.
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142
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How was Indian music called in the Vedic days?
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Samagana
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148
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Indias greatest contribution to classical music is the Raga
concept. Which was the first Indian text to discuss Raga?
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Brihaddesi (9th Century) written by Maatanga.
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134
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Name a great musicologist who was also an Accountant
General by profession.
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Saranga Deva
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126
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Who wrote the navaratna malika or songs that were collectively ccalled garland of nine gems?
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Sri Syama Sastri
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150
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As you know, some ragas (for example in the arohana) contain seven notes, while others may contain
either six or five notes in the ascending or descending scales. How are
these three classifications called?
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Sampoorna, audava, and shadava.
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151
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Who wrote the Geetha Govinda?
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Jaya Deva
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152
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Name the first great musicologist of India with an Islamic origin.
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Amir Khusro (1234)
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153
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Name the person who is supposed to have invented the
musical instrument Sitar.
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Amir Khusro
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168
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What is Avanaddha?
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Avanaddha means to be covered and hence refers to instruments such
as drums.
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173
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What is the Peria Puranam?
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The 12th Thirumurai
is called the 'thiruth thoNdar
purANam' (popularly known as 'periya
purANam' ) and it chronicles the life
history of the nAyanmArs
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154
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What does the word Sitar mean?
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Originated from the words Sher and Tar which means three-stringed.
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155
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Who is a Vaggeykara?
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A composer who is also an
accomplished musician and poet.
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156
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Can you name at least two Vageyakaras
from Carnatic music?
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Thyagaraja Swami, Purandaradasa, Jeyadeva, Haridas
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162
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Name a composer who was very well known for composing
both padams and Javalis.
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Ksetrajna or Varadayya
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157
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Name the poet who began composing songs even before he
turned sixteen years of age. Hint: He lived in Andhra Pradesh.
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Sri Annamacharya
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158
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Who wrote the book Singaramanjari?
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Sri Annamacharya
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160
|
What are padams?
|
Often set to dances;
allegorical and with sringara or love themes.
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165
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Name the person who is credited with introducing the
Western violin to Indian music.
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Balu Dishitar (brother of Muthuswamy Dikshitar)
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161
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What are Javalis?
|
Also set to dances; but faster
than padams in their tempo.
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169
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What is Sushira?
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Sushira means hollow; refers to wind instruments such as the flute.
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149
|
What does the word Raga refer to?
|
That which pleases the mind.
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166
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What do the words Tata Avanaddha Sushira and Vadya refer to?
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How Saint
Bharatha classified instruments.
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172
|
What is Thirumurai and what
do they contain?
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ThirumuRai: Works of 27 great saints,
collectively referred to as 'thirumuRai'. (Saints
include: Sambandhar, Appar,
Sundarar, MANikkavAsakar,
ThirumUlar, and others). Contains: 12 volumes and
18,000 songs in Tamil.
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163
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The Vedas use different names for Veenas.
Can you name one or more of these?
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Bana Veena, Kanda Veena
and Godha Veena
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159
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Name the violinist who, for his accomplishments, received
an ivory violin from the Maharaja of Travancore.
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Sri Vadivelu
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167
|
What is Tata?
|
Tata means stretched; instruments made of stretched jute or
other strings.
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164
|
What do the names Teenava and
Nadi refer to?
|
Vedic flutes
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171
|
What are Thevarams?
|
Ancient Tamil hymns in parise of
Lord Shiva and composed by the 63 Saivite Nayanmars. Composed between 600
and 900 Ads.
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